tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78946077963028219812024-02-20T06:38:06.360-08:00UNL Environmental Studies ProgramUNL Environmental Studieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05437498088822504520noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7894607796302821981.post-74883862539105174302012-11-19T18:24:00.001-08:002012-11-19T18:24:39.398-08:00Breathing Earth
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<h3>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">I just thought this website was cool! It shows you all the
births, deaths, CO2 emissions and where they are located. Make sure to drag
your mouse over a country and learn a little about it! Crazy! If you sit there
and watch it for a while, it's funny, you see lots of births in India and lots
of CO2 emissions form China (who may soon pass the U.S. with the most CO2
emissions released every year, in general)</span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 11.0pt;">
http://breathingearth.net/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7894607796302821981.post-52841089908317607622012-11-19T18:18:00.001-08:002012-11-19T18:19:49.042-08:00LEED Rating System & Lincoln, NE <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The United States Green Building Council
(USGBC) developed LEED, standing for Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design. It is a certification system set up for “green” buildings. For a
building or home to meet any level of the LEED standards is a humungous
accomplishment. The LEED Green Building Rating System has different levels of
certification, “LEED Certified”, “LEED Silver”, “LEED Gold”, and “LEED
Platinum”. It is based on a 100-point scale with categories in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Sustainable Sites</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Water Efficiency</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Energy & Atmosphere</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Materials & Resources</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Indoor Environmental Quality</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Locations & Linkages</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Awareness & Education</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Innovation in Design</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Regional Priority</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">They have different rating systems for
different project types: New Construction, Existing buildings, Commercial
Interiors, Core & Shell, Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes, and
Neighborhood Development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nebraska, as of June 16, 2011, has 26
certified projects, 57 registered projects, with locations in Kearney, Omaha,
Lincoln, Hastings, Norfolk, Halsey and more. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Some of the projects in Lincoln include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Citizen and Immigration Service Center—Silver Certified</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">90% Daylight and Views for interior Spaces</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">20% Water Use Reduction</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">20% Regional Materials</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">86% Construction Waste Diverted</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">100% Electricity purchased from renewable sources for 2 years</span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">International Quilt Study Center and Museum—Silver Certified</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">32.14% Reduction in Energy Use</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">77.90% Spaces with Natural Daylight</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">60.27% Regional Materials</span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Pioneers Park Nature Center Addition—Silver Certified</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Geothermal heat pump system</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Rainwater harvesting system</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Straw bale walls</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Recycled content materials</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">o</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Green roof with native plants</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Other
buildings include the Color Court Building, the Sawmill Building, and the new
Haymarket Arena, all in the Haymarket.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Resource Links</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">What
is LEED?</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988"><span style="color: #993322; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Measurement
Categories:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1989"><span style="color: #993322; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1989</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">LEED
in Nebraska:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.usgbcne.org/?LEED_in_Nebraska"><span style="color: #993322; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.usgbcne.org/?LEED_in_Nebraska</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">Arena
Going Green:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.klkntv.com/story/17005277/pinnacle-arena-is-going-green"><span style="color: #993322; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.klkntv.com/story/17005277/pinnacle-arena-is-going-green</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">USGBC
Nebraska Flatwater Chapter:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.usgbcne.org/"><span style="color: #993322; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.usgbcne.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7894607796302821981.post-57964097354994911842012-11-19T18:15:00.000-08:002012-11-19T18:15:30.003-08:00Power Surge
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/power-surge.html">Documentary</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.princeton.edu/paw/archive_new/PAW07-08/02-1010/Global_wedges.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" id="il_fi" src="http://www.princeton.edu/paw/archive_new/PAW07-08/02-1010/Global_wedges.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="401" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">I watched an amazing documentary talking about renewable energy wedges as a solution to our energy and carbon emissions problem. The main points of this presentation were that energy is needed for everything, our current energy is depleting the planet, and that we need to find solutions. The video said that the U.S. has invested a large amount of money looking for clean energy solutions to help solve this problem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The main task is to cut carbon emissions.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The wedge theory states, there is a problem
between where we are and where we need to be. He broke it into a triangle,
which represents the total amount of carbon dioxide that we must avoid putting
into the atmosphere in the next 50 years. The ideal target is controversial
because it is a difference of 7 billion tons per year. There are 15 possible
"wedge" solutions each equaling 1 billion ton carbon emissions. The
gap, like stated before, is 7 billion tons, so the gap can be filled with any 7
of the 15 wedges. The wedges can be duplicated. Some of the 15 wedge solutions
include:</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Efficiency
(easiest & cheapest)</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tripling
the number of nuclear power plants over 50 years</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cleaning
coal plants by burying their carbon emissions</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Sun,
which means solar panels and/or wind turbines</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">There are many possible solutions to this
problem with the wedge model.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Interestingly enough, some people are
disregarding this theory/solution. The wedge theory is successful in that it
takes a bigger problem and breaks in down into smaller pieces, thus, making It
simple. Some believe that this theory is <i>oversimplifying</i> the problem to where people (the public) are
too relaxed about it and feel that it is so simple that it's nearly solved. An
article titled: Did Princeton Professor’s “Wedges” Theory Oversimplify
Cutting?, discusses this “problem." </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="http://www.freakonomics.com/2011/05/20/did-princeton-profs-wedges-theory-oversimplify-cutting-carbon-emissions/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Source</span></a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) It is so bizarre to me that for so many problems we have
in the world today, we struggle to find a solution, and many solutions are
difficult or costly, etc and we have now found one that seems attainable and
people complain because its <i>too
simple</i>.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I enjoyed this video, and it was interesting
to hear more about the wedges. I have heard the wedges talked about in other
classes, and, in my opinion, this documentary could have been improved by going
more in depth about the stability wedges. By, possibly, describing how they
find that each wedge is equal to each other. They showed that each wedge is
equal to 1 billion tons of carbon but how did they find that out. I am
interested in the calculations. Also, the wedges could be improved by
discussing the other system feedbacks and impacts each one causes along with
the economic impact. Some wedges are going to create more jobs, some are going
to need more raw materials than others, etc.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0